E-democracy can be understood as civic participation through the use of digital means to enable the powerless citizens to influence and take part in crucial political decision making in the government. Direct democracy is present when the citizens themselves participate in decision making and indirect democracy when participation is through chosen political leaders who speak for the interests of a well defined group. As a democratic state, the Philippines observes direct and indirect democracy. The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that, “Philippines is a republican and democratic state, sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them”. The study recommended that the Local Government Unit (LGU) should look for ways to bolster citizens’ use of the city website as a vehicle for democratic reforms and participation. E democracy cannot stand in isolation from citizens’ participation.
There is a need to improve citizens’ willingness to participate in local governance via electronic means.
The paper concluded that electronic participation in governance is both a responsibility and a privilege. Strict adherence to the principle of e-democracy in actual practice is necessary. Using Arnstein Measure of Community Participation, the paper found that there is low level of e-participation among participants as shown by their frequency of access and level of awareness on the city website. To check the applicability of this theory in local context, the study determined the actual observance of a purposively selected group of professionals pursuing post graduate degree in Public Administration in the Philippines.
The full texts were made available through the PHL CHED Connect Platform.The strength of democracy is measured through citizens’ participation in governance. The books were published by the UP Department of Political Science in collaboration with the Philippine Commission on Higher Education. Atienza and Ruth Lusterio RicoĬhapter 11: The Environmental Movement and Philippine PoliticsĬhapter 12: The Cooperative as a Vehicle for Empowerment, Development, and DemocratizationĬhapter 13: Overseas Employment from the Philippines-The Nexus between Development and Governance TignoĬhapter 4: Religion, Church, and Politics in the PhilippinesĬhapter 5: Islamic Nationalism and Philippine PoliticsĬhapter 6: Indigenous Peoples in Politics and GovernanceĬhapter 8: The Media and Philippine PoliticsĬhapter 9: The Middle Classes in Philippine PoliticsĬhapter 10: Women and Politics in the Philippines MoradaĬhapter 1: Philippine Social Movements before Martial LawĬhapter 2: Philippine Social Movements during Martial LawĬhapter 3: Philippine Social Movements after Martial Law Philippine Politics and Governance: Challenges to Democratization and DevelopmentĮdited by Teresa S. BaylonĬhapter 15: The Military in Philippine Politics: Democratization, Governance, and Security Sector ReformĬhapter 16: Local Governments and Devolution in the PhilippinesĬhapter 17: Autonomous Regions-The Cordillera Autonomous RegionĬhapter 18: Autonomous Regions-The Search for Viable Autonomy in Muslim Mindanao/Southern PhilippinesĬhapter 19: Philippine Foreign Relations, 1946-1972Ĭhapter 20: Philippine Foreign Relations, 1972-1986Ĭhapter 21: Post-EDSA Philippine Foreign Relations, 1986-2001Ĭhapter 22: Philippine Foreign Relations after September 11 (2001-2005) Genato Rebullida and Cecilia SerranoĬhapter 11: The Philippine Legislature: From Pre-Spanish Times to the Eve of Martial LawĬhapter 12: The Philippine Legislature: The Martial Law PeriodĬhapter 13: The Restored Philippine Congress Encarnacion TademĬhapter 1: Nation-State Formation in the PhilippinesĬhapter 2: Public Opinion and Democratic GovernanceĬhapter 3: Electoral and Party Politics in Prewar PhilippinesĬhapter 4: Electoral and Party Politics in the Postwar PeriodĬhapter 5: Electoral and Party Politics during the Martial Law PeriodĬhapter 6: Parties, Elections, and Democratization in Post-Martial Law PhilippinesĬhapter 7: Executive Power and Presidential Leadership: Philippine Revolution to IndependenceĬhapter 8: The Executive: Martial Law, Constitutional Authoritarianism, and the Marcos AdministrationĬhapter 9: The Philippine Executive and RedemocratizationĬhapter 10: Bureaucracy and Public Management in Democracy, Development, and Governance in the Philippines Philippine Politics and Governance: An IntroductionĮdited by Noel M.
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